| CAS No.: | 110-15-6 |
|---|---|
| Formula: | C4h6o4 |
| EINECS: | 203-740-4 |
|
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Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2. In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state.
Succinate is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Succinate can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling. As such, succinate links cellular metabolism, especially ATP formation, to the regulation of cellular function.
Dysregulation of succinate synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, happens in some genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh syndrome, and Melas syndrome, and degradation can lead to pathological conditions, such as malignant transformation, inflammation and tissue injury.
Succinic acid is marketed as food additive E363. The name derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber.
| Succinic acid Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 185 °C |
| Boiling point | 235 °C |
| density | 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| vapor pressure | 0-0Pa at 25ºC |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.4002(lit.) |
| FEMA | 4719 | SUCCINIC ACID |
| Fp | >230 °F |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone and methanol. Insoluble in toluene, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride and petroleum ether. |
| pka | 4.16(at 25ºC) |
| form | Powder/Solid |
| color | White to off-white |
| PH | 3.65(1 mM solution);3.12(10 mM solution);2.61(100 mM solution); |
| Odor | at 100.00 %. wormwood |
| Odor Type | herbal |
| Water Solubility | 80 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Merck | 14,8869 |
| BRN | 1754069 |
| Dielectric constant | 2.4(26ºC) |
| Stability: | Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents. Combustible. |
| InChIKey | KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP | -0.59 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 110-15-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Butanedioic acid(110-15-6) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Succinic acid (110-15-6) |
| Safety Information |
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 37/38-41-36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 26-36/37/39-37/39-39 |
| RIDADR | UN 3265 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | WM4900000 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 470 °C |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29171990 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 110-15-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2260 mg/kg |
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